Warnings
and Definitions
READ ALL WARNINGS BEFORE USING THIS
CATALOG!
Failure to follow warnings and
instructions may result in serious injury or death. Anyone using this
publication must read and understand and all warnings and other information
contained within. The following applies to all products in this catalog.
LANDMANN WIRE ROPE PRODUCTS, INC. assumes no
responsibility for the use or misapplication of any product sold by this firm.
Responsibility for design and use decisions rests with the user. All products
are sold with the express understanding that the purchaser is thoroughly
familiar with the correct application and safe use of same. USE ALL PRODUCTS
PROPERLY, IN A SAFE MANNER AND FOR THE APPLICATION WHICH THEY ARE INTENDED.
WORKING LOAD LIMIT: This is the term used
throughout the catalog. There are, however, other terms used in the industry
which are interchangeable with the term WORKING LOAD LIMIT. These are WLL, SWL,
SAFE WORKING LOAD, RATED LOAD VALUE, RESULTING SAFE WORKING LOAD, and RATED
CAPACITY.
NEVER EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD
LIMIT The Working Load limit is the maximum load
which should ever be applied to a product, even when the product is new and when
the load is uniformly applied -straight line pull only. AVOID SIDE LOADING. All
catalog ratings are based upon usual environmental conditions, and consideration
must be given to unusual conditions such as extreme high or low temperatures,
chemical solutions or vapors, prolonged immersion in salt water, etc. Such
conditions or high risk applications may necessitate reducing the Working Load
limit. WORKING LOAD LIMIT WILL NOT APPLY IF PRODUCT HAS BEEN WELDED OR
OTHERWISE MODIFIED. It should also be noted that it is the responsibility of the
ultimate user to determine a Working Load limit for each application.
MATCHING OF COMPONENTS Components must match. Make certain that components such as hooks, links, or
shackles, etc. used with wire rope (or chain or cordage) are of suitable
material size and strength to provide adequate safety protection. Attachments
must be properly installed and must have a Working Load Limit at least equal to
the product with which they are used. Remember, chain is only as strong as its
weakest link.
RAISED LOADS
KEEP
OUT FROM UNDER A RAISED LOAD. Take notice of the recommendation from the
National Safety Council Accident Prevention Manual concerning all lifting
operations -.'All employees working at cranes or hoists or assisting in hooking
or arranging a load should be instructed to keep out from under the load. From a
safety standpoint, one factor is paramount to know: conduct all lifting
operations in such a manner that if there were an equipment failure, no
personnel would be injured. This means keep out from under a raised load and
keep out of the line of force of any load. "DO NOT OPERATE A LOAD OVER
PEOPLE. DO NOT RIDE ON LOADS"
SHOCK LOADS
Avoid
impacting, jerking or swinging of load as the Working Load limit could be
exceeded and the Working Load limit will not apply. A shock load is generally
significantly greater than a static load. AVOID SHOCK LOADS.
INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY No product can keep
operating at its rated capacity indefinitely. Period inspections help determine
when to replace a product and reduce rigging hazards. Check for visible damage,
cracks, wear, elongation, rust, etc. When in doubt about the extent of the
damage, retire the item in question immediately.
DESTROY RATHER THAN DISCARD, ITEMS THAT HAVE BEEN
JUDGED DEFECTIVE They might be used again by someone not aware of the hazard or
the defect.
REMEMBER: ANY PRODUCT WILL BREAK IF ABUSED,
MISUSED, OVERUSED OR NOT MAINTAINED PROPERLY. Such breaks can cause loads to
fall or swing out of control, possibly resulting in serious injury or death as
well as major property damage.
- INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY
- MATCH COMPONENTS PROPERLY
- KEEP OUT FROM UNDER A
RAISED LOAD
- AVOID SHOCK LOADS
- INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY
DEFINITIONS:
Information
in this catalog is subject to change, all weights and dimensions are
approximate. Ratings are stated In short tons {2,000 Ibs.) or pounds. All
dimensions are in inches; all weights are in pounds, unless stated otherwise.
WORKING LOAD LIMIT (WLL)
The
Working Load Limit is the maximum load which should ever be applied to the
product, even when the product is new and when the load is uniformly applied
-straight line pull only. AVOID SIDE LOADING. All catalog ratings are based upon
usual environmental condition and consideration must be given to unusual
conditions such as extreme high heat or low temperatures, chemical solutions or
vapors, prolonged immersion in salt water, etc. NEVER EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD
LIMIT.
REGULAR INSPECTIONS
Inspect products regularly for
visible damage, cracks, wear, elongation, rust, etc. Protect all products
from corrosion. The need for periodic inspections cannot be overemphasized.
No product can keep operating at its rated capacity indefinitely. Periodic
inspections help determine when to replace a product and reduce rigging
hazards. Keep inspection records to help pinpoint problems and to ensure
periodic inspection intervals.
Due to the diversity of the products involved
and used to which they can be put, it would be counterproductive to make
blanket recommendations for inspection procedures and frequency. Best
results will be achieved when qualified personnel base their decisions on
information from rigging and engineering manuals and on experience from
actual use in the field.
Frequency of inspection will depend on
environmental conditions, application storage of product prior to use,
frequency of use, etc. When in doubt, inspect products prior to each use.
Carefully check each item for wear, deformation, cracks or elongation -a
sure sign of imminent failure, immediately withdraw such items from service.
Rust damage is another potential hazard. When
in doubt about the extent of corrosion or other damage, withdraw the items
from service. Destroy, rather than discard, items that have
been judged defective. Someone not aware of the hazard involved might use
them again.
PROOF TEST LOAD (PROOF LOAD)
The
term "Proof Test" designated a quality control test applied to the
product for the sole purpose of detecting defects in material or manufacture.
The Proof Test Load (usually twice the Working Load Limit) is the load, which
the product withstood without deformation when new and under laboratory test
conditions. A constantly increasing force is applied in direct line to the
product at a uniform rate of speed on a standard pull-testing machine. The Proof
Test Load does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.
BREAKING STRENGTH / ULTIMATE STRENGTH
Do not use breaking strength as a criterion for service or design purposes.
Refer to the Working Load Limit instead. Breaking Strength is the average force
at which the product, in the condition it would leave the factory, has been
found by representative testing to break, when a constantly increasing force is
applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of speed on a standard
pull testing machine. Proof testing to twice the Working Load Limit does not
apply to hand-spliced slings. REMEMBER: Breaking Strengths, when published, were
obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Listing of the Breaking
Strength does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.
DESIGN FACTOR (sometimes referred to as
safety factor) An industry term usually computed by dividing the
catalog Breaking Strength by the Catalog Working Load Limit and generally
expressed as a ratio. For example: 5 to 1.
SHOCK LOAD A load resulting
from rapid change of movement, such as impacting, jerking, or swinging of a
static load. Sudden release of tension is another form of shock loading. Shock
loads are generally significantly greater than static loads. Any shock loading
must be considered when selecting the item for use in a system. AVOID SHOCK
LOADS AS THEY MAY EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT.
